The Great Dane is often called the “Apollo of Dogs” due to its great size and majestic stature. This breed is known for its gentle, affectionate, and easy-going nature, making them perfect companions for families. Despite their intimidating size, they are gentle giants, often described as joyful, loyal, and playful. Originating in Germany, the Great Dane has a rich history that stretches back thousands of years. Carvings found in Egyptian tombs suggest that similar-looking dogs were companions to pharaohs, showing how deeply embedded they are in history. Though they belong to the mastiff and sighthound groups, their genetic origins trace back to ancient German Mastiffs, bred for working purposes like hunting and guarding. The breed’s journey from ancient Iranian nomads to modern-day working dogs has shaped their characteristics and potential as the biggest dogs in the world. Their size and strength have made them ideal working dogs throughout history. By the late 1800s, they were known as Deutsche Dogge in Germany, a name still used today in their native land. They have since become instant recognisable and affectionate companions, despite a decline in popularity after the 1980s. The Great Dane still enjoys recognition at dog shows and festivals like the Great Dane Festival in Northampton, where their majestic presence continues to awe enthusiasts. However, with changing lifestyles and city living becoming the norm, preference has shifted toward smaller breeds, and their registration has plummeted by 69 percent by 2020, as reported by the Kennel Club. Despite this, the breed’s legacy endures, showcasing the timeless bond between humans and these regal dogs. The Great Dane is often called the “Apollo of Dogs” due to its great size and majestic stature. This breed is known for its gentle, affectionate, and easy-going nature, making them perfect companions for families. Despite their intimidating size, they are gentle giants, often described as joyful, loyal, and playful. Originating in Germany, the Great Dane has a rich history that stretches back thousands of years. Carvings found in Egyptian tombs suggest that similar-looking dogs were companions to pharaohs, showing how deeply embedded they are in history. Though they belong to the mastiff and sighthound groups, their genetic origins trace back to ancient German Mastiffs, bred for working purposes like hunting and guarding. The breed’s journey from ancient Iranian nomads to modern-day working dogs has shaped their characteristics and potential as the biggest dogs in the world. Their size and strength have made them ideal working dogs throughout history. By the late 1800s, they were known as Deutsche Dogge in Germany, a name still used today in their native land. They have since become instant recognizable and affectionate companions, despite a decline in popularity after the 1980s. The Great Dane still enjoys recognition at dog shows and festivals like the Great Dane Festival in Northampton, where their majestic presence continues to awe enthusiasts. However, with changing lifestyles and city living becoming the norm, preference has shifted toward smaller breeds, and their registration has plummeted by 69 percent by 2020, as reported by the Kennel Club. Despite this, the breed’s legacy endures, showcasing the timeless bond between humans and these regal dogs. 1996 Serious commitment is required to care for these large dogs, as they have special health issues due to their size and weight. Their care requires consistent attention, especially when dealing with health problems that might arise as they age. Their popularity reached its peak in the 1960s when Scooby Doo and Scrappy Doo appeared on television, which significantly contributed to their fame. The breed’s allure even extended to countries like the UK, where they were adored by families. They also share similarities with other large breeds such as the Tosa Inu, Boerboel, Saint Bernard, and the Mastiff, all of which are known for their similar size and gentle demeanor. As members of large breed clubs like The Great Dane Club and the Northern Great Dane Club, their legacy continues to be celebrated. Furthermore, their likeness to puppies, especially in their playful and affectionate nature, continues to increase their appeal among dog lovers globally.
Origins and Legacy of the Great Dane
The Great Dane was bred in Germany during the 1500s, originally for guarding and hunting, especially wild boar. Their ancestors were Mastiff-type dogs, used for their strength, speed, and ability to track and take down large prey. Known for their majestic stature, they were once the trusted companions of Germanic principalities. These dogs were often called boarhounds, feared for their savage, yet swift and powerful nature. In the 19th century, these noble dogs, with their gentle temperament and handsome build, gained recognition in England and were officially recognized in 1893. The breed’s name, Deutsche Dogge, was derived from the German term for the breed, symbolizing its German Mastiff roots. A Great Dane’s size and strength were often compared to Apollo, the Greek god of the sunlight. Much like the sun god . who controlled the fiery chariot across the sky, the Great Dane shines as a symbol of power and grace. Fittingly, they are often seen as tall and majestic, with a shining countenance that reflects their beauty. Over time, fanciers and breeders in places like Marlboro, Massachusetts helped refine the breed by incorporating traits from Greyhounds to enhance their elegance. The breed reached a milestone in 1876 when it became recognized as Germany’s national dog. By 1881, the breed’s standard was set, and it was soon embraced by dog lovers worldwide, particularly through the work of the Great Dane Club of America. Today, despite forces of change like lifestyle shifts that have made smaller breeds more popular, the Great Dane still holds a place as one of the most majestic and recognizable dog breeds in the world. The breed continues to be cherished today, thanks to its purpose as a companion and its remarkable lineage that includes even figures like Otto von Bismarck, who famously admired the breed. Despite changing times and lifestyle shifts that have made smaller breeds more popular, the Great Dane still holds a place as one of the most majestic and recognizable dog breeds in the world. Their bodyguards, who are often the judge of dog competitions, are tasked with ensuring they maintain the breed’s refined qualities. Their legacy, lasting over 40 years in show rings and dog clubs, proves that these dogs are not only adored for their life-giving warmth but also for their steadfast loyalty, much like the sun provides life-giving warmth to the world. English breeders helped promote their popularity across the Atlantic, and the breed has always been considered a status symbol. With their towering height and dignified presence, these dogs continue to reign as symbols of nobility.
The Origins of the Great Dane
The Great Dane is a breed with a rich history that traces back to Germany in the 16th century, where it was originally bred for boar hunting. These working dogs were known for their swift speed, alertness, and courage. Their noble German Mastiff ancestors were used by German nobility to protect princely courts and hunt boar, deer, and even bears. With their massive square-jawed appearance and elegant build, they were highly regarded for their strength and reliability. The breed was called Deutsche Dogge in Germany and had similar names across Europe, such as Grand Danois in France. Over time, these long-legged dogs were bred to be both fierce guardians and loyal companions. The Great Dane‘s character and appearance evolved through careful breeding. American breeders refined the breed by removing traits like the savage nature and improving features such as level toplines, broad chests, and sloping croups. Their gentle giant temperament was emphasized, making them more suitable as a family companion rather than just a thinking guard dog. The Great Dane’s unreliable temperaments were once considered unacceptable in society, but through decades of careful breeding, the breed has come to be known for its friendliness, dependability, and reservedness. Today, the Great Dane is one of the tallest dog breeds, standing between 28 to 32 inches (71 to 81 cm) and weighing from 110 to 175 pounds (50 to 79 kg). Their short coat comes in a variety of colors, including black, fawn, golden brown, brindle, blue-gray, and harlequin patterns with black patches. Their unique markings and massive stature make them instantly recognizable. They stand impassively when approached, but will often be touched with care and affection by their owners. Dogs like the Great Dane were once judged by judges in shows to ensure that they met the standard of the breed. Their tails are set at a natural angle and they have well-defined heads that show their regal nature. The breed’s evolution has helped them become a cherished companion, removed from their initial use as hunting dogs or chamber dogs (Kammerhunde), where they were adorned with ornate collars and served as protectors of sleeping princes from assassins. Although hounds by ancestry, the breed now symbolizes strength and grace. Their tail-sets and smooth movement are signs of improved breeding, making them exceptional companions. By 1980, Great Danes had become beloved family pets rather than mere catch dogs for huntsmen or firearms. They are now rare in their initial working forms, but still admired as a luxury dog breed that adds elegance to any home. Their existence as hobby pets has increased over the years, making them an iconic symbol of both power and gentleness in modern-day society.
Why the Great Dane Was Originally Bred
The Great Dane was originally bred for hunting and guarding, specifically for tasks like chasing, catching, and holding wild boar. With its immense size, power, and courage, it was the perfect candidate to withstand the fierce attacks of boar and protect hunters during their expeditions. Combining the traits of both Mastiffs and Sighthounds, it was bred for its speed and strength, making it an ideal hunting companion. Additionally, its intimidating presence was useful in detering intruders and protecting estates and properties. The Great Dane’s natural loyalty and protective instincts ensured it would fearlessly defend its owners. Through careful breeding, these distinctive characteristics became strongly embedded in their genetics, making the breed both a powerful working dog and a devoted companion. Their physical attributes have been passed down through generations, allowing them to maintain their imposing stature while retaining their loyalty and bravery.
A Brief History of the Great Dane
The Great Dane’s lineage can be traced back to domesticated dogs that descended from wolves. Fossil remains suggest that domestication began as early as 10,000 to 16,300 years ago, and by 4,500 BC, distinct types of dogs began to emerge. Among these, the Mastiffs, wolf-type dogs, and Sighthounds were the most influential in the development of the Great Dane. Evidence from ancient cultures such as Egyptian artifacts and Babylonian temples shows that similar Dane-like dogs were bred for hunting large game like boar and to serve as companions and watchdogs. An illustration from 600 BC even depicts a dog resembling the Great Dane, and by 36 BC, Greek money featured similar dogs, highlighting their importance in society. By the 16th century, German nobility began to refine these long-legged dogs, blending the Mastiff-type and Greyhound-type to create a powerful and elegant breed. They were specifically bred to protect properties and serve as reliable guardians during hunting expeditions, capable of overcoming challenges from wild boars and even bears. As a result, the breed became highly admired for its strength, courage, and protective instincts. The Great Dane’s popularity continued to grow across Europe, particularly in countries like Gaul, Italy, and Spain, where it was further refined to adapt to the forests and estates of the region. The breed’s versatility even appealed to Assyrian huntsmen as early as 407 AD. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Great Dane became a popular choice among European aristocracy and continued to be refined for its size, strength, and regal appearance. In the British Isles, it was even crossbred with the Irish Greyhounds to enhance its speed. The breed’s robust guard instincts and powerful build were vital in protecting estates. As it spread throughout Europe, it became known for its courageous nature and ability to withstand the harshest of environments, whether in battle or on hunting expeditions. By the 19th century, the Great Dane made its way to the US, where it was officially recognized by the AKC’s list and eventually became one of the most popular breeds in the world. Its distinct characteristics, including its towering size and gentle temperament, have cemented its place as a cherished companion and working dog. Today, the Great Dane continues to be admired for its majestic appearance and history, making it a truly remarkable breed with a heritage that spans continents and millennia.
Genetic characteristics unique to the Great Dane
The Great Dane is a breed known for its noble and regal appearance, with a rectangular head, long neck, and a deep chest. These physical characteristics have made the breed distinguished throughout history. Originally bred for hunting and guarding, the Great Dane combines strength, elegance, and size, making it a giant working breed. Its powerful build and well-formed, smoothly muscled body give it a unique conformation, designed for both grace and function. The breed’s long stride and powerful drive allow it to cover ground quickly, making it ideal for tasks like hunting and chasing, though this clumsy giant is also known for its long reach when in motion, particularly during a galloping figure. However, despite their beauty and strength, Great Danes are also susceptible to certain health problems. They can suffer from conditions like osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OA-CSM), also known as wobbler syndrome, which affects the neck and spine. These issues, along with the potential for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)—a recessive genetic condition—can affect the cardiac muscle, decreasing the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. As a result, the vascular system of the Great Dane may be compromised, leading to decreased pressure and other complications. It is important to understand that this breed, particularly when young, requires regular checkups to ensure that their growth is balanced and they are free from health complications.
The Great Dane has a long history of being admired not just for its working ability but also for its elegance and strength. Recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is a breed that represents a perfect balance between power and grace, making it both a majestic companion and a functional working dog. These health concerns are important for prospective owners to understand, as they can affect the quality of life of these magnificent animals. Veterinarians at institutions like the Royal Veterinary College and Bristol Veterinary School study these conditions to better understand and treat them. The Great Dane has a long history of being admired not just for its working ability but also for its elegance and strength. Recognized by the American Kennel Club, it is a breed that represents a perfect balance between power and grace, making it both a majestic companion and a functional working dog.
Physical Appearance of the Great Dane
The Great Dane, also known as the German Mastiff or Deutsche Dogge, is a breed of big, powerful dogs with a regal appearance. Males typically weigh around 170 lbs (77 kg) and stand about 32 inches tall, while females are slightly smaller, weighing 140 lbs (63 kg) and standing around 30 inches. Their massive head has a narrow, flat shape with prominent brows, and their ears drop forward. Their muscular build is supported by straight front legs and a strong neck, which is also long and thick. Their medium-length tail is thick at the base and tapers towards the end, complementing their sleek coat that comes in a variety of colors, such as black, fawn, blue, and harlequin, with black patches on a white background. Unfortunately, their lifespan tends to be poor, with many Great Danes live only about eight years.
Personality of the Great Dane
Great Danes are known for their size, but they are also gentle and affectionate dogs. Despite their imposing presence, they are often referred to as gentle giants because of their calm and friendly nature. They are moderately playful and enjoy spending time with their family. Great Danes are excellent guard dogs, making them protective of their home, but they are also good with kids and can get along well with other pets if properly socialized from a young age. While they are generally easy to train, they can be stubborn learners at times, so patience and consistency are key.
Size of the Great Dane
Great Danes are renowned for their extra-large size, often towering over many other dog breeds. According to the Kennel Club‘s breed standard, the minimum height for an adult Great Dane is around 76cm for males and 71cm for females, with minimum weight starting at 54kg and 46kg, respectively. These giant breed dogs grow rapidly during their first 18 months, and it is essential to provide special nutrition to prevent excessive growth, which can lead to musculoskeletal diseases such as dysplasia, osteochondrosis, and hypertrophic osteodystrophy. These developmental diseases can cause lameness and other health issues in their joints and bones, which is something pet parents must be mindful of as their puppies grow. The Great Dane‘s impressive size has led to several record-holders in the Guinness Book of World Records, with dogs like Zeus and Titan reaching heights that make them the tallest living dogs in the world. In 2016, Freddy, a Great Dane from the UK, was crowned the World’s Tallest Living Dog, standing at an astonishing 7ft 5 inches tall on his hind legs. One famous example is Gibson, a Great Dane who still holds the title of the tallest dog ever recorded. However, not all Great Danes grow this large. In fact, one runt of a litter, named Claire Stoneman, had a pet parent who never expected him to grow so large, yet he defied expectations. Sadly, Freddy passed away in 2021 at the age of eight but his legacy lives on as a reminder of these remarkable dogs’ potential for growing quickly and achieving greatness.
Muscular Build and Powerful Frame
The Kennel Club describes the Great Dane as a dog with a muscular, strongly built, and elegantly built body. Despite their large size, these dogs have an impressive ability to dash and move with ease, making them seem as if they are ready to go anywhere and do anything. Their powerful frame complements their muscular structure, allowing them to be both graceful and athletic, while maintaining the strength necessary for their original working roles. Their daring nature also adds to their charm, as they boldly face challenges and adapt to various environments with confidence.
Coat of the Great Dane
The breed standard for Great Danes calls for a short coat, which is dense and sleek. This coat comes in six colours, including fawn, brindle, blue, black, and harlequin with pure white and black patches. Another popular variation is the mantle black pattern, with a black blanket over the body and a white chest. The blue patches are also common, and some dogs may have a torn appearance in their coat due to the way the patches are distributed. Despite the variety, all coats are short and require minimal grooming compared to other breeds. They are well-suited for living in various environments, whether in homes or underground shelters, thanks to their adaptability and low-maintenance coats.
The Victorian Explosion: Great Dane Engineering
In the 19th century, there were significant changes in breeding practices that led to the development of modern dog breeds, including the Great Dane. During the Victorian era, breeding became more intensified, as people sought to create the ideal breed with specific traits. This period, known as the Victorian Explosion, saw Victorians passionately working to shape the Great Dane into the recognisable breed we know today. The process of breeding continued to expand for 150 years, influenced by the ideas of Darwin and his theories on evolution. By 1921, a British businessman, Gordon Stewart, established kennels at Send Manor, Surrey, where he successfully bred over 500 Great Danes. The manor became famous for showcasing these magnificent dogs, even appearing in a short film in 1930, capturing the giant glory of the breed. This marked the peak of Great Dane popularity, with these dogs becoming iconic in their roles as both protectors and companions.
Prior to the 19th Century
Before the Victorian era, Great Danes were primarily bred for functional roles such as hunting and guarding. These dogs were geared towards practical purposes, with their physical traits and behavioural traits being selected to suit tasks like protecting estates and tracking large game. There was less emphasis on creating uniformity in their appearance, as the focus was more on their ability to perform these important roles. It was only after the 19th century that breeding began to shape the Great Dane into the more refined and recognisable breed we see today.
Breeding for Function
In the early 19th century, breeders focused on improving the functional aspects of Great Danes, continuing to prioritise their hunting abilities and protective instincts. The goal was to make sure these dogs could still perform the traditional roles they had been bred for, such as guarding estates and assisting in hunting large game. Breeding was carefully managed to enhance traits that made them effective as working dogs, ensuring that they remained strong and capable in these vital roles.
Breeding for Class
During the Victorian era, there was a shift in how Great Danes were bred. While earlier breeders focused on the dog’s functional roles, the emphasis now moved towards making them symbols of status and class. Their impressive size and dignified appearance made them popular among the upper class in Britain. As a result, breeders started focusing more on the aesthetic qualities of the breed, ensuring they had a standardised appearance. The Great Dane’s likeness was often replicated in bronze and other decorative statues, reflecting their growing role as status symbols in the homes of the elite.
Replicating Ancient Breeds
During the Victorian era, there was a growing fascination with replicating and preserving ancient breeds. This interest helped shape the breeding of Great Danes, as they were seen as modern representations of noble war dogs from antiquity. The historical connection to these ancient dogs added to their appeal, and they were increasingly regarded as status symbols for the upper class. Breeders focused on creating dogs that not only embodied the strength and dignity of their ancestors but also highlighted their noble and regal qualities, making them highly sought after in society.
Breeds with a Similar History to the Great Dane
There are several dog breeds with a similar history to the Great Dane, as they were also bred for hunting and guarding. Like the Great Dane, these breeds were originally used for serving humans in functional roles, such as protecting estates and assisting in hunting large game. Over time, they too evolved into status symbols, highly valued for their strength, loyalty, and noble appearance, much like the Great Dane was in the Victorian era.
Mastiff
The Mastiff is considered an ancestor of modern purebred dogs like the Great Dane. Originating around 2500 BC, these dogs were praised by historical figures such as Caesar for their fighting ability. By 55 AD, the Mastiff was introduced to England by Phoenician sailors and later became popular in blood sports like bear-baiting, bull-baiting, and lion-baiting, as well as dogfighting. Their strength and courage were evident in events like the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, where a Mastiff defended its wounded master, Sir Piers Legh, for hours, eventually rescuing him and returning to Legh’s home. The Lyme Hall Mastiffs are known for being one of the oldest documented bloodlines, with a stained glass window in Lyme Hall depicting Sir Piers and his devoted Mastiff, showing their deep bond.
Irish Wolfhound
The Irish Wolfhound is a breed with a rich history, originally bred as coursing hounds in the Middle East before being introduced to Britain and Ireland. These large native dogs were known for their powerful and resilient nature, making them excellent hunters, especially for wild elk and wolves, which were considered a nuisance. In ancient Antiquity, they were highly valued for their ability to hunt large prey. By the 15th century, the breed became specialised for hunting wolves, but as time passed, the Wolfhound fell out of use and was nearly extinct. In 1862, the breed was saved by Captain George Augustus Graham of the British army, whose primary ambition was to gather living dogs and revive the breed through careful breeding efforts.
Saint Bernard
The Saint Bernard is often seen as a much-loved breed with a fascinating history. The modern version of the dog is believed to be a Victorian invention, with historians suggesting that they descended from large rescue dogs originally bred by Swiss monks in the Saint Bernard Pass for life-saving missions in the mountains. The Saint Bernard‘s resemblance to other working dogs grew through breeding efforts led by individuals like John Cumming Macdona, a clergyman from Cheadle, near Manchester. His kennel produced some of the leading champion dogs, and Saint Bernards were among the first entries in the Kennel Club Studbook. Macdona’s involvement helped bring the breed to prominence, with one of his dogs, Hope, becoming a favorite of the Prince of Wales. The Saint Bernard later became a well-known figure at early shows like those organized by Charles Cruft, who went on to found the famous Crufts competition in 1886 to 2018, further cementing the breed’s popularity. In fact, the Saint Bernard has even appeared on the Crufts logo, a nod to its long legacy as one of the most recognized rescue dogs.
Dogue de Bordeaux
The Dogue de Bordeaux is an ancient French breed with origins that date back to the 12th century. Initially used as a hunting dog, it also served in roles such as guarding, herding, and even animal-baiting and dogfighting. This breed has three types: Toulousain, Parisian, and Bordelais, with the Bordelais being the direct ancestor of the modern Dogue de Bordeaux. Its origins remain unclear, but it is widely considered a Mastiff and Molossus-type dog. Over time, the breed became known for its strength and protective nature, contributing greatly to the guard dogs category. The Dogue de Bordeaux officially earnt its name after being featured in a competition at the Jardin d’Acclimatation in Paris, which helped bring it into the spotlight. The breed later gained recognition at canine exhibition events, and it arrived in the UK in 1897, marking the beginning of its international recognition and popularity
Breed Type Basics
The Great Dane is a breed that stands out due to its unique look and elegant appearance. When judging a Great Dane, many characteristics contribute to the overall impression, including the length of leg, body, and how balanced the dog is. The head of the Great Dane is rectangular with a notched neck, showcasing its strength and elegance. This balance is vital for the breed, with the head-to-body ratio and the length of neck, depth of body, and length of leg all playing important roles in determining the dog’s substance and angulation. The Great Dane’s appearance reflects its ancestors, including the Mastiff and Greyhound, combining giant size with both masculinity and femininity, depending on whether it is a dog or a bitchy. Breed type is often evaluated by looking at the overall proportions, which should align with the standard—a clean head, flat sides, and a sound gait that contributes to a majestic gait. As a working breed, the Great Dane is expected to move smoothly, even on a loose lead, showcasing speed adjusted to its size. This breed’s large size and smooth gait allow it to maintain a balanced movement, ensuring a healthy and elegant appearance. It is important to note that serious faults like distorted movement or improper head proportions can negate the breed’s ideal qualities. The Great Dane is one of the purebred dogs registered worldwide, with national registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the Canadian Kennel Club keeping pedigrees and stud books. These records ensure the breed’s genealogy is well-documented, and new dogs continue to be added to these registries each year, with the AKC alone registering around 1.25 million dogs since 1884. The breed’s consistent recognition is upheld by organizations such as the Kennel Club of England and the Australian National Kennel Council, ensuring that future generations of Great Danes retain their working breed characteristics. The earliest records of Foxhound breeding date back to 1844, and these countries with advanced dog breeding systems have set the foundation for this majestic breed’s continued presence in the dog world.
| Dog breeds and their places of origin | ||
| continent | country | breed |
| North America | Canada | Labrador retriever, Eskimo dog, Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever, Newfoundland |
| Cuba | Havanese | |
| Mexico | Chihuahua, Mexican hairless | |
| United States | Alaskan Malamute, American foxhound, American Staffordshire terrier, American water spaniel, Australian shepherd, Boston terrier, Chesapeake Bay retriever, coonhound | |
| South America | Peru | Inca hairless dog, Peruvian Inca orchid |
| Europe | Belgium | Belgian Malinois, Belgian sheepdog, Belgian Tervuren, bouvier de Flandres, Brussels griffon, schipperke |
| Croatia | Dalmatian | |
| England | Airedale terrier, beagle, Bedlington terrier, bull terrier, bulldog (English), bullmastiff, Cavalier King Charles spaniel, cocker spaniel, curly-coated retriever, English foxhound, English setter, English springer spaniel, English toy spaniel, field spaniel, flat-coated retriever, fox terrier, harrier, Jack Russell terrier, Lakeland terrier, Manchester terrier, mastiff, Norfolk terrier, Norwich terrier, Old English sheepdog, otterhound, pointer, springer spaniel, Staffordshire bull terrier, Sussex spaniel, whippet, Yorkshire terrier | |
| Great Britain | collie, bearded collie, border collie, border terrier, Dandie Dinmont terrier | |
| Finland | Finnish spitz, Karelian bear dog | |
| France | basset hound, briard, Britanny, Clumber spaniel, French bulldog, Great Pyrenees, Löwchen | |
| Germany | affenpinscher, boxer, dachshund, Doberman pinscher, German shepherd dog, German shorthaired pointer, German wirehaired pointer, Great Dane, miniature pinscher, poodle, Rottweiler, schnauzer, Weimaraner | |
| Iceland | Iceland dog | |
| Ireland | Irish setter, Irish red and white setter, Irish water spaniel, Irish wolfhound, Irish terrier, Kerry blue terrier, soft-coated wheaten terrier | |
| Italy | bloodhound, Italian greyhound, Maremma sheepdog, Neapolitan mastiff | |
| Hungary | komondor, kuvasz, puli, vizsla | |
| Malta | Maltese | |
| The Netherlands | Keeshond, wirehaired pointing griffon | |
| Norway | Norwegian elkhound, Lundehund (Norwegian puffin dog), Norwegian buhund | |
| Portugal | Portuguese water dog | |
| Russia | borzoi | |
| Scotland | cairn terrier, golden retriever, Gordon setter, Scottish deerhound, Scottish terrier, Scottish wolfhound, Shetland sheepdog, Skye terrier, West Highland white terrier | |
| Spain | bichon frise, Ibizan hound, papillon, presa Canario | |
| Switzerland | Bernese mountain dog, St. Bernard | |
| Wales | Cardigan Welsh corgi, Pembroke Welsh corgi, Sealyham terrier, Welsh springer spaniel, Welsh terrier | |
| Africa | Egypt | basenji, greyhound, pharaoh hound, saluki |
| South Africa | Rhodesian ridgeback | |
| Australia | Australian terrier, Australian cattle dog, silky terrier | |
| Asia and the Middle East | Afghanistan | Afghan hound |
| China | Chinese crested, Chinese shar-pei, chow chow, Pekingese, pug | |
| Japan | Akita, Japanese spaniel, Japanese spitz, shiba inu | |
| Siberia | Samoyed, Siberian husky | |
| Tibet | Lhasa apso, shih tzu, Tibetan terrier, Tibetan spaniel, Tibetan mastiff | |
| Turkey | Anatolian shepherd dog (Kangal dog) | |
In the 1800s, the sport of dogs and the need for a system to classify breeds based on their functions led to the development of various classification systems. The British classification system, established in 1873 by the Kennel Club of England, created a standard for recognizing different dog breeds. Over time, this system was revised and modified in other countries like the United States and Canada, resulting in slight variations in terminology. In the United States, the Gundogs and Working dogs are often grouped together under the Sporting dogs and Working group classifications, while England and Canada have their own systems with six groups for categorizing breeds. The American system includes seven classifications, with groups like Herding dogs and Non-Sporting dogs representing different types of working roles. These classifications help breed enthusiasts and judges understand the specific characteristics and functions of each breed, including the Great Dane.
Long Live the Dane
The Great Dane is a giant breed, known for its impressive size and gentle temperament. However, due to its large stature, it often faces health problems that can lead to a shorter life span compared to smaller dogs. While many Great Dane owners hope for their pets to live as long as 13 or 14 years, the common life span tends to be between nine and 10 years, with some dogs passing away even younger. Factors such as rapid growth and breed-specific health conditions like gastric torsion (also known as bloat), cardiomyopathy, cancer, and autoimmune disease can impact their longevity. Other issues, such as hip dysplasia and osteochondritis dissecans, which affect the orthopedic problems of these dogs, often arise due to the breed’s rapid growth during the first year of life. Despite these challenges, conscientious breeders are making concerted efforts to reduce these health risks through careful breeding practices. Organizations like the Great Dane fancy community, including Hardiman and other custodians of the breed, are dedicated to promoting healthier breed characteristics. These extraordinarily gifted breeders commit to the longevity and well-being of the Great Dane by addressing common health issues. The commitment and dedication of these breeders, coupled with a deeper understanding of the breed’s needs, ensure that the Great Dane continues to be a beloved family pet and companion for years to come. Answers to these concerns, however, remain critical in ensuring the breed’s future. Tragically, many Great Danes have lost their lives prematurely due to these health issues, but ongoing research and improved breeding practices provide hope for overcoming these challenges.
What Makes the Australian Bernedoodle Special?
The Australian Bernedoodle is a mixed breed dog, a cross between a Bernedoodle (which combines the Bernese Mountain Dog and Poodle) and the Australian Labradoodle. Known for its gentle, playful, and intelligent nature, this breed is low-shedding, with either a wavy or curly coat. They are highly adaptable, with a mellow side but can also be silly and energetic, making them thrive on attention. They are perfect for families, as they are suitable for homes that value interaction. However, they are not ideal for those who are rarely home since they need regular engagement to stay happy and healthy. Australian Bernedoodle Special?
Great Dane Care
Caring for a Great Dane presents some unique challenges due to their size. A giant dog requires a large area to stretch out and sleep, and they often need soft bedding to prevent callouses from forming on their joints. Great Dane owners must also be prepared for the costs associated with food, drugs, and surgeries for such a large breed. Since they can suffer from conditions like gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), a bloating condition that can be fatal without veterinary intervention, their care is crucial. Regular vet visits and understanding the signs of GDV can save their lives. Boarding, bedding, and travel in a big vehicle are also important considerations. In case of an emergency, an emergency stretcher might be necessary if the dog becomes incapacitated. For Great Danes, interactive playing and walking are important for their health, but they should not be excessively active. Damage to their developing bones can occur if they are over-exercised before the age of two years. Tug, running, and hiking are great activities to do once they are older, but they should avoid jumping over standard fence heights or other obstacles like a jumper until their bones are fully developed, as their 6 feet (2 metres) tall frames require careful attention during physical activity. When it comes to their coat care, Great Danes have minimal needs, requiring weekly brushing, with daily brushing during shedding season. Regular cleaning of their ears is also important, especially since ear cropping can require post-op care to prevent infection and ensure their ears stand properly. Lastly, Great Danes are prone to cardiomyopathy and should be monitored for heart issues, common in large breeds. Proper nutrition is also important, with Great Dane puppies benefiting from large-breed puppy food to regulate their rate of growth and reduce the risk of conditions like hip dysplasia. Additionally, some Merle dogs may have issues with hearing and vision due to the gene responsible for their striking patchwork dapple-spotted coats and blue eyes. By providing proper care and regular veterinary visits, Great Danes can live a long, happy life, typically between 7 to 10 years, though they require extra attention to manage their unique health needs. It is important to cover all health aspects, as being fastidious housekeepers can ensure the dog stays healthy and comfortable.
Selection of a Great Dane
When selecting a purebred dog like the Great Dane, it’s important to focus on both the appearance and personality of the dog. Whether you are choosing a puppy or an adult dog, a good breeder will help evaluate the physical condition and features of the dog, such as a bright, shiny coat, clean-smelling ears, and pink, firm gums. Healthy dogs should also show a tail-wagging enthusiasm and be friendly, outgoing, and curious, rather than timid or frightened. In addition to assessing the dog’s personality, you should also examine the hair coat for cleanliness and check for any signs of debris or parasites, much like how you would check for chows, shar-peis, or other breeds that may have distinct coat textures or black patches of skin. A well-selected Great Dane should be in good form, with no signs of being obese or too thin, and its ribs or hipbones should not be overly pronounced. When adopting from shelters, humane societies, or rescue groups, it’s essential to ensure the healthy animal has been evaluated for any hidden health issues, including external or internal health problems. Look for signs like reddened patches, crusts, or scales on the skin, which could be indications of warm, dry, or clammy skin. If you touch the dog’s skin and it feels too warm or clammy, it might be a sign of an underlying issue. These issues should not be ignored as they can lead to serious problems later on. Whether you’re choosing a purebred or mixed-breed dog, it’s crucial to ask the breeder proper questions about their breeding practices to avoid potential genetic defects that may arise in future generations. Good breeders engage in careful breeding, controlling the gene pool to ensure a healthy, viable dog, free of genetic defects that can lead to health problems later in life.
Training and Exercise for Great Danes
Training a Great Dane requires starting early with puppy training classes and early socialization to ensure they grow into well-behaved adults. As a large breed and powerful breed, the Great Dane is naturally friendly and sociable, but it’s important to provide obedience training and consistent training from a young age. Great Dane puppies can be very energetic, often trying to jump and play as they develop, so early training helps manage their behavior as they grow. Their extra-large size means they need daily exercise, like a 15-30 minute walk two to three times a day, especially once they reach 18 months old and become adult Great Danes. While they are generally friendly, some Great Danes may display dangerous behaviour if not properly trained, potentially leading to a challenge in managing their authority and domination over other pets or family members. Males in particular can be more prone to trying to assert their authority in the household, so consistent leadership is crucial to prevent any crime or incidents. Proper training helps ensure that their dangerous behaviour is stopped early, teaching them to be sensible and controlled. Once fully grown, adult Great Danes typically enjoy sedate activities, but they still need vigorous exercise like jogging or hiking to stay in good shape. While they can engage in activities like obedience, agility, and even tracking events or weight pulls, it’s important to remember that these dogs have an instinct to guard the home and may need to guard or scent objects as part of their natural behavior. Some may also enjoy activities like retrieving a bird or trying to hunt game, as part of their natural drive to befriend or challenge animals. For the best results, training should follow the principles of consistency, kindness, and immediate, appropriate punishment for unacceptable actions. Commands should be followed with praise, reinforcing good behaviour through knowledge and positive reinforcement. It’s also important to be mindful of habits like running off, especially when the dog is excited or not fully trained.
Grooming Your Great Dane
Great Danes have a short coat that is generally smooth and requires minimal grooming. They do shed, but the amount is usually profuse during shedding season, which typically happens once or twice a year in the spring and fall. During this time, weekly brushing is important to manage the extra hair, but outside of shedding season, brushing can be done every day to maintain a neat appearance. A bath can be given occasionally to keep your dog clean, and their nails should be trimmed regularly to prevent discomfort or damage. Regular grooming helps keep your Great Dane comfortable and healthy while reducing the amount of hair in your home.
Nutrition for Great Danes
Proper nutrition is essential for the health and well-being of a Great Dane. Great Dane puppies require large breed puppy food specifically formulated for their size and growth needs. They should be fed three meals a day to support their development, and it is important to consult with a vet about the appropriate type of food and the amounts to feed at each stage of growth. As they grow, their feeding schedule will change, and by the time they are six months old, they can be transitioned to feeding twice a day. For adult dogs, the amount of food increases significantly—often up to ten cups a day, split into two or more times, depending on their level of activity. To prevent issues like bloating, which is common in large breeds, it’s a good idea to feed them in raised food bowls, which help with digestion. It’s also important to ensure that Great Danes eat the right amounts to avoid becoming obese or overweight puppies, which can lead to crippling bone diseases and poor growth. As they mature, you should focus on providing a balanced method of feeding that meets their maintenance requirements and ensures proper growth without adding excess fat. For adult dogs, a steady feeding routine helps maintain their optimum weight, as they will burn fewer calories due to their less active lifestyle compared to their younger years.
The type of food you choose is also important—commercially produced dog foods, whether canned, dry, or semimoist, should have high-quality ingredients like meat (such as beef, lamb, or chicken) and meat by-products. Be sure to check labels to ensure the food contains the right balance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Great Danes who are more active, like sled dogs, may need higher amounts of calories, fat, and protein, while sedentary dogs will require less. Regardless of age, maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet is key to helping your Great Dane thrive and avoid behavioral problems like tail chasing, excessive barking, or chewing that may arise from lack of exercise or a poor diet. Additionally, your Great Dane should be seen as an integral part of the household, where they play the role of a loyal companion animal, providing company and strengthening the bond with their human family members. It is essential to supervised and provide training from an early age to ensure they are well-behaved, as they can experiment with behaviors like running at or trying to escape a securely fenced area if not properly trained. Having them as part of your life strengthened the emotional connection, making them not just a pet but an integral part of your daily routine.
Living Arrangements for a Great Dane
A Great Dane, known as a gentle giant, requires plenty of room in the household to accommodate its sheer size. While these dogs are affectionate and loyal companions, they need sufficient space to move around and get regular exercise. If you’re keeping a puppy or an adult Great Dane in a city, be prepared to take them on long walks, often more than once a day, to meet their energy needs. Due to their size, Great Danes also require large amounts of food, meaning feeding them can cost more compared to smaller dogs. Proper space and a regular exercise routine are essential to ensure your Great Dane thrives in any living situation, making them a great addition to any family that can provide them with the necessary care and room.
Temperament of a Great Dane
The term gentle giant is often an overused phrase, but it describes the Great Dane quite accurately. This large breed is known for being friendly and affectionate, making them excellent companions for family members of all ages. Despite their size and strength, Great Danes have a low energy level and are generally playful, but they can quickly quit and move on to something else if not stimulated. They are also easy to train and are quick responders to commands. However, their imposing size can make them seem like an intimidating watchdog and a reliable protection dog, especially around strangers or unfamiliar dogs, though they usually get along well with housemates. While the temperament of a Great Dane is generally friendly, it’s important to note that behavior can differ from one individual dog to another, and not all Danes will fit the generalization of being the ideal choice for families, especially those with children or the elderly who may find it difficult to manage such a large dog. Many claims about the breed’s nature are based on traditional perceptions, but it’s essential to note that these views are not always widely accepted by every dog owner or expert.
Other Maintenance Concerns for Great Danes
Great Danes require regular care to stay healthy, including providing a balanced diet and routine grooming. While their short-haired coat is easier to manage than long coats or thick coats, they still benefit from weekly brushing to remove dead hair and prevent skin irritations or infection. Owners should also examine their ears and nails regularly, ensuring that their nails are trimmed and their ears are cleaned to prevent any build-up of dirt or wax. Although they don’t require daily grooming, maintaining these simple tasks is key to ensuring your dog’s health and comfort. Another important aspect of Great Dane maintenance is veterinary care, particularly when they are puppies. They should be vaccinated early on, starting at around six weeks with a series of three or four vaccinations that protect against diseases like distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, and parvovirus. As they grow, they will need booster vaccinations for rabies at three months and then annually. Additionally, protecting against heartworm disease with preventative treatments is essential. These treatments should be administered regularly, as parasites like heartworms are prevalent in many regions. Tested regularly for heartworm, these treatments should be administered even if the dog has never killed a parasite before. Following routine vaccination procedures is critical in reducing or even eliminating the risk of virulent diseases and ensuring the health of your Great Dane throughout their life. While most health concerns can be half addressed with preventative care, maintaining overall wellness depends on consistency in care and attention.
Ailments in Great Danes
Great Danes are generally a healthy breed, but like many large and giant breeds, they can be prone to a variety of ailments. One common issue is dealing with external parasites such as fleas and ticks, which can cause irritation and transmit diseases. These pests can be a seasonal problem, but they require yearlong control in some climates. Regular bathing and grooming can help manage these parasites, but sometimes treatment with veterinary remedies is necessary to eliminate them completely. It’s also important to watch out for internal parasites like worms, which can affect puppies, causing symptoms like listlessness, loss of blood, anemia, and even death if left untreated. Routine fecal examinations and blood tests for puppies, especially at around three months, can help catch these illnesses early. As Great Danes age, they can also experience some more serious health issues, such as gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), which is commonly known as stomach twist or bloating. This condition causes the stomach to rotate in the abdominal cavity, cutting off the blood supply and trapping gas inside. GDV is a medical emergency and often causes restlessness, vomiting, swelling in the abdomen, and difficulty defecating. It’s crucial to seek immediate veterinary care for GDV to avoid serious complications like death.
Another common issue in Great Danes is orthopedic problems. High cholesterol is also a concern for large breeds and can lead to cardiovascular issues, including affecting the heart muscle and heart valves. Hip dysplasia, a polygenetic condition, is particularly common in this breed, leading to progressive disease in the hip joint, causing arthritic changes, lameness, and pain. Elbow dysplasia is another concern, as are spinal injuries, especially in dogs with long bodies, like dachshunds. These problems can cause significant discomfort and impact the dog’s quality of life. Osteosarcomas (bone cancer) and mammary tumours are also more common in Great Danes as they age, leading to more severe health complications. Additionally, lymphomas and other cancers are something to monitor for as the dog matures. Pekingese, pug, and other breeds with protruding eyes are also susceptible to corneal lacerations due to their eye shape, and Great Danes should be observed for any similar eye injuries. Finally, heart disease, including heartworm, is also something to monitor, as it can affect the circulatory system and lead to complications if untreated. Surgically correctable conditions, including certain eye and orthopedic issues, should be addressed as soon as possible. Veterinary
Common Health Issues in Great Danes
Great Danes, being a giant breed, are prone to several serious health issues. One of the most dangerous is gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), also known as canine bloating, which is a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists and traps gas, causing a distended abdomen and unproductive vomiting. This can lead to excessive drooling, restlessness, and, if left untreated, can be fatal. Owners may opt for prophylactic gastropexy (preventative surgery) to help avoid GDV. Another common issue is hip dysplasia, a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t form properly, causing pain and discomfort. Elbow hygroma, fluid-filled sacs on the elbows, is also prevalent, especially in dogs that lie on hard surfaces. Cardiac diseases and eye diseases like autoimmune thyroiditis or hypothyroidism are other common concerns. Additionally, Wobbler syndrome (or caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy) affects the neck, causing cervical vertebral instability, leading to pain and reduced mobility. These conditions can be costly to treat, requiring veterinary care, diagnostics, surgery, and hospitalization. To avoid some of these conditions, it’s essential to choose reputable breeders who follow breed standards and only use healthy breeding stock.
Key Takeaways
Great Danes are imposing, yet affectionate dogs known for their gentle nature, making them great house dogs. They are friendly and enjoy spending time with kids, but due to their large size, they need room to move around comfortably. These dogs require ten cups of food a day, and their bones and joints are especially vulnerable while they are still growing, so it’s important to limit activities like jumping, jogging, and hiking until they are about 18 months old. As they mature, they can become more stable and healthy. However, health conditions like Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), hip dysplasia, and Wobbler syndrome are common in the breed. If you plan to adopt a Great Dane, it’s a good idea to connect with a national breed club or a local breed club to find a reputable breeder and ensure you’re getting a healthy puppy. It’s also essential to stop any rough play or excessive activity with puppies to avoid stressing their growing bodies and joints.
FAQ’S
History and Origin of the Great Dane
The earliest references to the Great Dane can be traced back to ancient Viking times, where these dogs were highly valued as working dogs. In Nordic culture, they were used for a variety of purposes, including guarding and hunting, making them important working animals. These dogs were also companions to their owners, and in some cases, they were even buried alongside their Viking masters as a sign of their importance. The Great Dane‘s lineage dates back to these ancient times, and it’s clear that they have been revered for both their strength and loyalty for centuries. These early accounts are well documented, showing how deeply integrated the breed was into Viking society.
Origin of Working Dogs
The Great Dane, a German breed, descends from a mix of mastiff-sighthound types. These dogs were originally bred in the Middle Ages as hunting dogs to track and bring down large prey like bears, wild boar, and deer. They also served as guardian dogs, protecting estates and people, especially for the German nobility. Their role as both hunters and protectors has shaped their strong and loyal nature, making them excellent working dogs for centuries. This history reflects the long tradition of working dogs used for various tasks that require both strength and intelligence.
Why are Great Danes Working Dogs?
The Great Dane, a German breed, is classified as a working dog because of its history as a mastiff-sighthound. It descends from dogs bred for hunting in the Middle Ages, where they were used to hunt large prey such as bears, wild boar, and deer. In addition to hunting, they also served as guardian dogs for the German nobility, protecting estates and people with their strength and loyalty. Their role as working dogs has been shaped by their powerful build and intelligence, which made them reliable for tasks that required both agility and protection.
Ancestors of the Great Dane
The Great Dane, a German breed, descends from a mix of mastiff-sighthound types. These dogs were bred for hunting in the Middle Ages, where they were used to hunt large prey like bears, wild boar, and deer. Their ancestors also served as guardian dogs, protecting property and people, especially for the German nobility. This combination of strength, loyalty, and agility made them the ideal working dogs, and their lineage can be traced back to these ancient breeds.
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